AGP：童年诊断出注意缺陷多动障碍对个体成年的生活影响或更大

2012年10月16日 讯 /生物谷BIOON/ --近日，刊登在国际杂志Archives of General Psychiatry上的一项研究揭示了，在其童年被诊断患有注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的男性，在长达33年的生活中，其通常会表现出教育、职业、社会行为等能力的明显降低甚至缺失。

ADHD在全世界有5%的普遍流行率，由于其对儿童的影响较大，因此长期以来成为研究者重点关注的研究项目。来自纽约大学医学中心的研究者开展了一项研究，这项研究包括135个在其童年就患有ADHD的白人男性（无行为障碍）参与者以及136个男性对照组。

研究中，患病者有31.1%的不能完成中学教育，仅仅有3.7%的患者可以拿到高学历，而对照仅仅有4.4%不能完成中学教育，有29.4%的对照可以拿到高学历。在对这两组研究者的对照研究中，研究者同时也发现，相比对照，患者有较高的离婚率，为9.6%，而对照为2.9%。进行性ADHD病症发病率风险也较高，反社会型人格障碍的风险为16.3%，对照为0。物质使用障碍比率为14.1，对照为5.1%。

研究者表示，那些在童年诊断出患者ADHD的男性患者具有明显的反社会倾向以及物质使用障碍倾向，而且其患精神病风险也较高。这项研究的开展将帮助医生对患者的监护工作以及对患者的疗法。

与障碍相关的拓展阅读：

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Clinical and Functional Outcome of Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 33 Years Later

Context Prospective studies of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have not extended beyond early adulthood. Objective To examine whether children diagnosed as having ADHD at a mean age of 8 years (probands) have worse educational, occupational, economic, social, and marital outcomes and higher rates of ongoing ADHD, antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), substance use disorders (SUDs), adult-onset psychiatric disorders, psychiatric hospitalizations, and incarcerations than non-ADHD comparison participants at a mean age of 41 years. Design Prospective, 33-year follow-up study, with masked clinical assessments. Setting Research clinic. Participants A total of 135 white men with ADHD in childhood, free of conduct disorder, and 136 men without childhood ADHD (65.2% and 76.4% of original cohort, respectively). Main Outcome Measures Occupational, economic, and educational attainment; marital history; occupational and social functioning; ongoing and lifetime psychiatric disorders; psychiatric hospitalizations; and incarcerations. Results Probands had significantly worse educational, occupational, economic, and social outcomes; more divorces; and higher rates of ongoing ADHD (22.2% vs 5.1%, P < .001), ASPD (16.3% vs 0%, P < .001), and SUDs (14.1% vs 5.1%, P = .01) but not more mood or anxiety disorders (P = .36 and .33) than did comparison participants. Ongoing ADHD was weakly related to ongoing SUDs (ϕ = 0.19, P = .04), as well as ASPD with SUDs (ϕ = 0.20, P = .04). During their lifetime, probands had significantly more ASPD and SUDs but not mood or anxiety disorders and more psychiatric hospitalizations and incarcerations than comparison participants. Relative to comparisons, psychiatric disorders with onsets at 21 years or older were not significantly elevated in probands. Probands without ongoing psychiatric disorders had worse social, but not occupational, functioning. Conclusions The multiple disadvantages predicted by childhood ADHD well into adulthood began in adolescence, without increased onsets of new disorders after 20 years of age. Findings highlight the importance of extended monitoring and treatment of children with ADHD.