死亡风险-话题@MedSci

#死亡风险#

873篇内容 | 4723人围观

关注话题

话题活跃用户

#插入话题

插入图片

最新最热

[GetTopicListResponse(id=1256135, encodeId=56221256135bf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, objectTitle=全面总结分析！BMJ：这种脂肪酸可降低全因及心血管疾病死亡风险！但过量有害, objectType=article, longId=218732, objectId=aaa1218e3272, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=aaa1218e3272, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=62, createdTime=2021-10-18, rootId=0, userName=zhaojie88, userId=4c37265, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=aaa1218e3272, moduleTitle=全面总结分析！BMJ：这种脂肪酸可降低全因及心血管疾病死亡风险！但过量有害, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=aaa1218e3272)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1256134, encodeId=cd761256134c9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, objectTitle=ERJ：轻度肺动脉高压患者RVSP升高与死亡风险增加有关, objectType=article, longId=218443, objectId=a2492184433f, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=a2492184433f, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=64, createdTime=2021-10-13, rootId=0, userName=quxin068, userId=74808, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=a2492184433f, moduleTitle=ERJ：轻度肺动脉高压患者RVSP升高与死亡风险增加有关, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=a2492184433f)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1256133, encodeId=08b312561332f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, objectTitle=51年队列研究：轻度脂肪肝增加7成死亡风险！, objectType=article, longId=218409, objectId=4c2621840931, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=4c2621840931, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=84, createdTime=2021-10-13, rootId=0, userName=quxin068, userId=74808, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=4c2621840931, moduleTitle=51年队列研究：轻度脂肪肝增加7成死亡风险！, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=4c2621840931)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1256132, encodeId=5cdc125613255, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, objectTitle=J Infection：就诊时的新冠病毒载量与死亡风险独立相关, objectType=article, longId=218199, objectId=f7af218199a7, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=f7af218199a7, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=79, createdTime=2021-10-09, rootId=0, userName=quxin068, userId=74808, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=f7af218199a7, moduleTitle=J Infection：就诊时的新冠病毒载量与死亡风险独立相关, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=f7af218199a7)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1256131, encodeId=912a1256131ab, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, objectTitle=抗病毒COVID-19药物Molnupiravir可将住院和死亡风险减半, objectType=article, longId=218129, objectId=7a18218129e9, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=7a18218129e9, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=52, createdTime=2021-10-06, rootId=0, userName=quxin068, userId=74808, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=7a18218129e9, moduleTitle=抗病毒COVID-19药物Molnupiravir可将住院和死亡风险减半, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=7a18218129e9)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1256130, encodeId=64ee1256130fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, objectTitle=JAMANO：补锌与安慰剂对酗酒的HIV阳性成人死亡风险和HIV疾病进展的影响, objectType=article, longId=217667, objectId=14ef21e667f2, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=14ef21e667f2, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=68, createdTime=2021-09-27, rootId=0, userName=quxin068, userId=74808, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=14ef21e667f2, moduleTitle=JAMANO：补锌与安慰剂对酗酒的HIV阳性成人死亡风险和HIV疾病进展的影响, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=14ef21e667f2)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1256129, encodeId=127e1256129e8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, objectTitle=ADC药物大展拳脚！突破性III期数据显示：Enhertu可降低HER2阳性转移性乳腺癌患者进展或死亡风险72%, objectType=article, longId=217554, objectId=e59521e554a3, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=e59521e554a3, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=69, createdTime=2021-09-25, rootId=0, userName=quxin068, userId=74808, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=e59521e554a3, moduleTitle=ADC药物大展拳脚！突破性III期数据显示：Enhertu可降低HER2阳性转移性乳腺癌患者进展或死亡风险72%, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=e59521e554a3)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1256128, encodeId=1bdb125612843, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, objectTitle=Lancet Oncol：达雷妥尤单抗维持治疗可显著降低多发性骨髓瘤患者的疾病进展及死亡风险, objectType=article, longId=217213, objectId=d65521e213ea, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=d65521e213ea, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=80, createdTime=2021-09-18, rootId=0, userName=quxin068, userId=74808, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=d65521e213ea, moduleTitle=Lancet Oncol：达雷妥尤单抗维持治疗可显著降低多发性骨髓瘤患者的疾病进展及死亡风险, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=d65521e213ea)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1256127, encodeId=c697125612e86, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, objectTitle=Cardiovasc Diabetol：胰岛素治疗会增加合并心衰的糖尿病患者的死亡风险！, objectType=article, longId=216874, objectId=50522168e4f2, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=50522168e4f2, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=71, createdTime=2021-09-11, rootId=0, userName=quxin068, userId=74808, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=50522168e4f2, moduleTitle=Cardiovasc Diabetol：胰岛素治疗会增加合并心衰的糖尿病患者的死亡风险！, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=50522168e4f2)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1256126, encodeId=dd30125612621, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, objectTitle=Neurology：多发性硬化患者，抑郁或增加血管疾病和死亡风险, objectType=article, longId=216777, objectId=a2f3216e77f0, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=a2f3216e77f0, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=78, createdTime=2021-09-08, rootId=0, userName=quxin068, userId=74808, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=a2f3216e77f0, moduleTitle=Neurology：多发性硬化患者，抑郁或增加血管疾病和死亡风险, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=a2f3216e77f0)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1256125, encodeId=a68c125612507, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, objectTitle=Neurology : 帕金森患者，使用吡马西林，长期住院和死亡风险如何？, objectType=article, longId=216503, objectId=fe3f216503e5, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=fe3f216503e5, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=71, createdTime=2021-09-01, rootId=0, userName=quxin068, userId=74808, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=fe3f216503e5, moduleTitle=Neurology : 帕金森患者，使用吡马西林，长期住院和死亡风险如何？, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=fe3f216503e5)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1256124, encodeId=d67512561249c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, objectTitle=Brit J Cancer：癌症患者COVID-19死亡风险, objectType=article, longId=215933, objectId=6f99215933a7, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=6f99215933a7, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=81, createdTime=2021-08-19, rootId=0, userName=quxin068, userId=74808, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=6f99215933a7, moduleTitle=Brit J Cancer：癌症患者COVID-19死亡风险, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=6f99215933a7)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1256123, encodeId=edaa1256123b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, objectTitle=Diabetes Care：有饮食失调的T1DM患者的DKA和死亡风险分别增加了3倍和6倍！, objectType=article, longId=215862, objectId=7464215862f6, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=7464215862f6, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=62, createdTime=2021-08-18, rootId=0, userName=quxin068, userId=74808, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=7464215862f6, moduleTitle=Diabetes Care：有饮食失调的T1DM患者的DKA和死亡风险分别增加了3倍和6倍！, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=7464215862f6)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1256122, encodeId=b1f9125612264, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, objectTitle=Cardiovasc Diabetol：心脏脂肪体积和IL-6水平可预测糖尿病患者因新冠肺炎入院后的短期病情恶化和死亡风险, objectType=article, longId=215789, objectId=6197215e89b4, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=6197215e89b4, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=70, createdTime=2021-08-17, rootId=0, userName=quxin068, userId=74808, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=6197215e89b4, moduleTitle=Cardiovasc Diabetol：心脏脂肪体积和IL-6水平可预测糖尿病患者因新冠肺炎入院后的短期病情恶化和死亡风险, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=6197215e89b4)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1256121, encodeId=67891256121a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, objectTitle=Lancet Oncol：meta分析显示化疗联合曲妥珠单抗对HER2阳性乳腺癌患者，能够显著降低复发和死亡风险, objectType=article, longId=215483, objectId=b69b21548371, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=b69b21548371, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=55, createdTime=2021-08-11, rootId=0, userName=quxin068, userId=74808, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=b69b21548371, moduleTitle=Lancet Oncol：meta分析显示化疗联合曲妥珠单抗对HER2阳性乳腺癌患者，能够显著降低复发和死亡风险, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=b69b21548371)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1256120, encodeId=324e125612097, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, objectTitle=JASN：原发性肾病综合征与ESKD、心血管事件和死亡风险, objectType=article, longId=215430, objectId=1876215430c0, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=1876215430c0, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=95, createdTime=2021-08-09, rootId=0, userName=quxin068, userId=74808, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=1876215430c0, moduleTitle=JASN：原发性肾病综合征与ESKD、心血管事件和死亡风险, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=1876215430c0)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1256119, encodeId=668d1256119ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, objectTitle=BMC MED：适度饮酒可能降低心血管患者死亡风险, objectType=article, longId=214901, objectId=19ba21490189, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=19ba21490189, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=78, createdTime=2021-07-29, rootId=0, userName=quxin068, userId=74808, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=19ba21490189, moduleTitle=BMC MED：适度饮酒可能降低心血管患者死亡风险, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=19ba21490189)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1256118, encodeId=9c0f1256118a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, objectTitle=Eur J Preven Cardio：高血压、肥胖等孕前心血管危险因素不可忽视！胎儿死亡风险可增高至8.7倍, objectType=article, longId=214892, objectId=1c882148929b, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=1c882148929b, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=91, createdTime=2021-07-28, rootId=0, userName=quxin068, userId=74808, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=1c882148929b, moduleTitle=Eur J Preven Cardio：高血压、肥胖等孕前心血管危险因素不可忽视！胎儿死亡风险可增高至8.7倍, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=1c882148929b)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1256117, encodeId=5083125611eb5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, objectTitle=JCEM：体重指数和COVID-19患者诊断、住院和死亡风险的关系, objectType=article, longId=214737, objectId=1346214e379c, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=1346214e379c, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=65, createdTime=2021-07-26, rootId=0, userName=quxin068, userId=74808, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=1346214e379c, moduleTitle=JCEM：体重指数和COVID-19患者诊断、住院和死亡风险的关系, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=1346214e379c)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0), GetTopicListResponse(id=1256116, encodeId=ea111256116aa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=587f6339050' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死亡风险#</a>, objectTitle=AJRCCM：空气污染将增加慢阻肺患者死亡风险, objectType=article, longId=214684, objectId=382c2146847b, topicUrl=null, isHasObj=0, objectCover=null, objectUrl=/article/show_article.do?id=382c2146847b, replyNumber=0, likeNumber=46, createdTime=2021-07-25, rootId=0, userName=quxin068, userId=74808, projectId=1, avatar=, status=1, hasArticle=1, attachment=null, ipAttribution=, moduleDTOList=[ModuleDTO(moduleId=382c2146847b, moduleTitle=AJRCCM：空气污染将增加慢阻肺患者死亡风险, moduleType=article, hrefUrl=https://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?id=382c2146847b)], followStatus=false, userIsMember=false, type=1, lengthMark=0)] 梅斯话题小助手

死亡风险

2020-05-29

zhaojie88 (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#死亡风险#

全面总结分析！BMJ：这种脂肪酸可降低全因及心血管疾病死亡风险！但过量有害

2021-10-18

quxin068 (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#死亡风险#

ERJ：轻度肺动脉高压患者RVSP升高与死亡风险增加有关

2021-10-13

quxin068 (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#死亡风险#

51年队列研究：轻度脂肪肝增加7成死亡风险！

2021-10-13

quxin068 (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#死亡风险#

J Infection：就诊时的新冠病毒载量与死亡风险独立相关

2021-10-09

quxin068 (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#死亡风险#

抗病毒COVID-19药物Molnupiravir可将住院和死亡风险减半

2021-10-06

quxin068 (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#死亡风险#

JAMANO：补锌与安慰剂对酗酒的HIV阳性成人死亡风险和HIV疾病进展的影响

2021-09-27

quxin068 (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#死亡风险#

ADC药物大展拳脚！突破性III期数据显示：Enhertu可降低HER2阳性转移性乳腺癌患者进展或死亡风险72%

2021-09-25

quxin068 (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#死亡风险#

Lancet Oncol：达雷妥尤单抗维持治疗可显著降低多发性骨髓瘤患者的疾病进展及死亡风险

2021-09-18

quxin068 (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#死亡风险#

Cardiovasc Diabetol：胰岛素治疗会增加合并心衰的糖尿病患者的死亡风险！

2021-09-11

quxin068 (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#死亡风险#

Neurology：多发性硬化患者，抑郁或增加血管疾病和死亡风险

2021-09-08

quxin068 (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#死亡风险#

Neurology : 帕金森患者，使用吡马西林，长期住院和死亡风险如何？

2021-09-01

quxin068 (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#死亡风险#

Brit J Cancer：癌症患者COVID-19死亡风险

2021-08-19

quxin068 (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#死亡风险#

Diabetes Care：有饮食失调的T1DM患者的DKA和死亡风险分别增加了3倍和6倍！

2021-08-18

quxin068 (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#死亡风险#

Cardiovasc Diabetol：心脏脂肪体积和IL-6水平可预测糖尿病患者因新冠肺炎入院后的短期病情恶化和死亡风险

2021-08-17

quxin068 (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#死亡风险#

Lancet Oncol：meta分析显示化疗联合曲妥珠单抗对HER2阳性乳腺癌患者，能够显著降低复发和死亡风险

2021-08-11

quxin068 (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#死亡风险#

JASN：原发性肾病综合征与ESKD、心血管事件和死亡风险

2021-08-09

quxin068 (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#死亡风险#

BMC MED：适度饮酒可能降低心血管患者死亡风险

2021-07-29

quxin068 (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#死亡风险#

Eur J Preven Cardio：高血压、肥胖等孕前心血管危险因素不可忽视！胎儿死亡风险可增高至8.7倍

2021-07-28

quxin068 (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#死亡风险#

JCEM：体重指数和COVID-19患者诊断、住院和死亡风险的关系

2021-07-26

quxin068 (审核中...)

前往app查看评论内容

#死亡风险#

AJRCCM：空气污染将增加慢阻肺患者死亡风险

2021-07-25

科室
- - 订阅+
  - 更多科室
工具
服务